The U.S. Political System Has Been ‘Hijacked’

The Intellectualist

Harvard Business School: The U.S. Political System Has Been ‘Hijacked’

by Yossarian Johnson      September 14, 2017

https://imageproxy.themaven.net/1050x/https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/maven-user-photos/theintellectualist/news/TO6g4hQU3EmtYoLt0PDJNA/bfUILXbB0E-xRZ8LQXfVeg 

A new case study by Harvard Business School asserts that U.S. politicians have rigged the system to such a degree that the U.S. is on its way to becoming a failed democracy.

A new case study by Harvard Business School asserts that U.S. politicians have rigged the system to such a degree that the U.S. is becoming a failed democracy. The authors of the case-study use the word ‘hijacked’ to describe what the political parties have done to governance in the United States.

Some tidbits:

“America’s political system was long the envy of the world. It advanced the public interest and gave rise to a grand history of policy innovations that fostered both economic and social progress. Today, however, our political system has become the major barrier to solving nearly every important challenge our nation needs to address. This was the unexpected conclusion of the multiyear Project on U.S. Competitiveness at Harvard Business School, established in 2011 to understand the causes of America’s weak economic performance and rising inequality that predated the Great Recession.”

The authors point to a number of American pathologies that do not plague other advanced nations.

“A similar failure to progress has also afflicted the nation’s social agenda. In areas such as public education, health and wellness, personal safety, water and sanitation, environmental quality, and tolerance and inclusion, among others, U.S. progress has stalled or gone in reverse. In these areas, where America was often a pioneer and leader, the U.S. has fallen well down the list compared to other advanced countries. Tolerance, inclusion, and personal freedom are registering troubling declines, a sign of growing divisions in our society.”

A poorly educated population

“In public education, of particular significance for citizen opportunity, in math the U.S. was ranked 31st out of 35 OECD countries (the other advanced economies using the respected PISA process) in 2015, down from 25 in 2009, 20th in reading (down from 14) and 19th in science (down from 17). Instead of progress, then, our government is mired in gridlock and inaction. Increasingly over the decades, Congress has been unable to get things done, especially on important issues.”

The authors of the piece note how the Founders of the United States would find the rules that govern the country unrecognizable today.

“The result: America’s political system today would be unrecognizable to our founders. In fact, certain of our founders warned against political parties. John Adams, our second President, said, “There is nothing which I dread so much as a division of the republic into two great parties, each arranged under its leader, and concerting measures in opposition to each other.” Our founders— and most Americans today—would be shocked by the extent to which our democracy has been hijacked by the private and largely unaccountable organizations that constitute today’s political industrial complex.”

 

Comments:

 Highball326:      When only one person can throw a wrench into the works in the senate and the speaker can block any vote on the house floor – yes, the democracy is broken

 

pritch1961:       I am, by nature, an optimistic person, and my little quite voice is asking, is the damage being done to our democracy permanent? Or will it only last as long as the trump disease is in the White House? Yes, there will need to be a clean up, but as soon as the next political leader gets the keys, starts the clean up, and puts his/her agenda forward, things will begin to get perceptibly better.

 

Hoobuck:        As someone who is doing what he can as a voter to correct the issues in this study, I must say pritch 1961, you are part of the problem mentioned in the study. The study talks about not enough moderates, me, and too many people way out to one side or the other, pritch 1961. I have not voted for a GOP or Dem. candidate for a national office, be it President, Senator or Congressman for over a decade. For our problems to be corrected, we need 2 things to happen immediately. 1. Vote every Senator and Congressman out of office in, at least, the next 2 elections. Maybe by then they would realize that they work for us and not the lobbyists trying to buy their vote. 2. The establishment of a viable and strong 3rd party. Maybe I should add a third. A Constitutional amendment forcing politicians to live under the same laws that they pass for us. No exceptions for retirement, health insurance for anything else.

 

Dragonqueen:       Say what? Did they need Harvard to do a case study to figure this out? All I had to do was watch the media stories, listen to a few political speeches, and watch things happen. No, pritch1961, the damage will not last only as long as ‘the trump disease’ is in the White House. Things have been going downhill for DECADES, and a change in presidents will not change that. The Congress is full of self-serving leeches who have been in there running the show for decades, and it is their lack of concern for the people they claim to represent, who have been stupid enough to continue voting them back into office in the deluded belief that the candidates’ abuse of power will somehow profit them, when in reality none of them have any interest whatsoever in the citizens paying their inflated salaries, outrageous health care, and obscene retirement benefits. As long as those parasites are allowed to remain in office, they will convince the public over and over that everything wrong with this nation is the fault of somebody who has never been one of them and will soon be gone. Even a double term of eight years is nothing to the politicians in office for their lifetimes. I agree with Hoobuck except that I believe all political parties should be outlawed. Every candidate should be forced to stand for his/her own beliefs, ideas, and should be forced to fill out an application in essay form before being allowed to run for any office. I’m sick and tired of “I’m following the party platform.” It’s time they learn to work together for the common good instead of whoever gives them the most money.

 

Plantiful:       Our government has failed to work for us since the Carter administration…. remember our “going metric” in the 1970s, with corporations terrorizing everyone with threats of not knowing how much deli meat mom should order… what clothes to wear if it’s 15°C, or how tall someone is…. it takes a week to figure things out. The real issue is that corporations did not want the one-time expense of re-tooling for metric, and that was it. We are still one of three countries in the modern world who use this antiquated American system…. with the other two being the economic super-powers Liberia and Burma.

As far as our “two” parties who serve the same corporate masters, they are both corrupt and completely opposite to our quality of life. Billy Clinton changed the Democrats into the New Democrats, chasing corporate donations. They, like the Republicans, will fight any function of government that threatens corporate profits (and their “donations”). The Democrats of California passed Universal healthcare through their Senate. Their Assembly pulled it from the floor so it will not pass and no one needs to be singled out for voting against it. This is pure, simple corruption.

The fix?

We must get rid of both Parties from the government. The Electoral College only allows two, major parties and they have rigged it so that other parties cannot gain traction. Ideally, there would be no need for political parties, but they will exist as a collective force working under similar ideology. If we encourage Republicans to register as Independent or Libertarian and Democrats to register as Independent of Green, the two parties will disappear and go away.

From there, publicly funded elections, where every candidate running for an office will get the same budget for his/her campaign. Only that money can be spent on a campaign. What would we get for a politician? Someone who was the most effective candidate in getting his/her message to us, and under a budget. Effective, efficient, and accountable only to us.

Then, and only then, could we have any discussion on universal healthcare, a respectable public education, strong infrastructure, a responsible banking sector (imagine), a meaningful sustainable energy policy (we like to have our society sustained into the future… Right?)…

This has to be done collectively and quickly.

TrulyAwoken:     I agree with Plantiful. Our two party system is not what this country needs. But speaking from outside the government the people have been brainwashed to believe ideals such as Socialism is the same as Communism. People have been brainwashed to believe that others ideas are no good. Now with someone like Trump in the white house he is using the fact that there is a two party system to divide and conquer. You see within both parties they are beginning to split because of extremists. Until we either add other parties into the mix or get rid of parties all together will things change.

The other issue is big corporations as well as Christianity has to much of a grip on our government. They shouldn’t have a say in what happens in our government. We were originally set up so the American citizen could have a say essentially to what happens in our country. The line “for the people” no longer holds true, it’s now “for the business”. Capitalism sounds wonderful but it’s not.

It is quite possible that we need to become a Socialist country and end being a democracy. We are not a democracy as it stands. We are an Oligarchy and a Plutocracy, but we are not a democracy.

It is time for change or change won’t happen.

Why it takes a year to construct the world’s greatest piano

CNN Style

Why it takes a year to construct the world’s greatest piano

This feature is part of ‘Details,’ a new series that captures the creation of some of the world’s most intricately made objects.
The Steinway & Sons piano is one of the world’s most revered instruments. According to statistics provided by the company, around 90% of the world’s performing concert pianists choose the German brand. Renowned artists like John Lennon, George Michael, Billy Joel and Lady Gaga have been known to compose and perform at their keys.
Each piano, composed of some 12,000 individual parts, takes a full year to assemble at Steinway & Sons’ factory in Hamburg, Germany. In this film, we see glimpses of the Japanese pianist Aisa Ijiri performing “Prelude and Fugue in A minor BWV 543” by Johann Sebastian Bach as she soundtracks the meticulous process of the piano’s construction.

How Steinway & Sons pianos are made

It takes 300 people, 12,000 parts and a year to make a single Steinway & Sons piano. Here’s how the pianos are made http://cnn.it/2xrMRZ6 via CNN Style

Posted by CNN on Sunday, September 17, 2017

Meet Forest Shomer, the master wild seed man!

EcoWatch

Meet Forest Shomer, the master wild seed man!

Rob Greenfield    September 15, 2017

Meet Forest Shomer, the master wild seed man!via Rob Greenfield

Posted by EcoWatch on Friday, September 15, 2017

Once-a-Year Clinic is the Only Affordable Healthcare for Many

Now This Politics Video

Once-A-Year Clinic Is Only Affordable Health Care Option For S…

There is no excuse for this in 2017

Posted by NowThis Politics on Sunday, September 17, 2017

Gillnets Push Species to the Brink of Extinction

EcoWatch

WATCH and SHARE to help spread awareness on the destruction of overfishing.Read more: http://bit.ly/2fn5CTpvia Zinc

Posted by EcoWatch on Monday, September 18, 2017

Gillnets Push Species to the Brink of Extinction

By Raffaella Tolicetti

With reproductive instincts pushing them towards the Colorado River Delta, thousands of corvina fish are currently swimming with the tide along the coastal waters of the Pacific Ocean. Making their way to the estuaries, where fresh water mixes with the saline components of the seas, these corvina are unaware that many of them will not even get the chance to lay their eggs in the very particular habitat they depend on to reproduce.

Classified as vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, corvina have been victims from overfishing since the 90’s. Law enforcement agencies struggle to monitor their catch, despite a regulation that limits the amount of fish that can be removed from the sea.

"It's urgent that we act. There are less than 30 vaquita left. We are running out of time." — Sea Shepherd Conservation Society

Posted by EcoWatch on Sunday, February 26, 2017

Covina are a marvel of nature. Their spawning rhythm is synchronized with the moon and tide cycles, transforming the calm seas of the Gulf of California into a rollicking theater as they emit their distinctive croaking sounds to communicate spawning readiness and begin to organize their formations.

Unfortunately, this spectacle also signals the fishermen, who lay nets by the thousands, waiting for this exact moment to begin catching corvina by the tons.

These fish are surrounded by an army of small boats (745 of which are legal, but the government agencies estimates that at least 1,000 pangas go out fishing) and have no chance against the nets that will catch any moving animal in the area.

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How can fishing during spawning season be justified? Studies show a constant decrease of the average fish size, with more and more juveniles caught, as the adults don’t have time to reproduce.

The results of this large scale fisheries is not only the devastation of a fish population, but other animals who are also at risk and targeted by this frenetic activity, including the shy and elusive vaquita marina. This small porpoise only lives on the coast of San Felipe, in the Gulf of California, and is considered the most endangered marine mammal in the world. Its habitat has been fragmented by gill nets, to the point of bringing the numbers of vaquita down to only 30 individuals. This species is now on the verge of extinction.

Gill nets, which have been forbidden in the upper part of the Gulf since 2015, are mainly used to fish another endangered, endemic animal of the Gulf: the totoaba bass, sought for its bladder, and not for its meat. This bladder is sold at high value on the black market in China and Hong Kong, and the rest of this predator is thrown back, bleeding, in to the sea.

These banned gill nets are the cause of death of many animals that get trapped in them, including the vaquita. Last year the only sightings of this marine mammal were three dead individuals whose cause of death was determined by scientists as being due to entanglement in gill nets, which traps them and prevents them to come up to the surface for air. They literally suffocate to death.

Efforts are being made in order to keep the refuge a safe place from the nets. It is therefore imperative that adequate law enforcement measures are put in to place, including, reporting illegal activity in the area and apprehending those engaged in it. Sea Shepherd is committed to keep patrolling and monitoring the refuge, and to remove every illegal net encountered.

The Gulf of California is a stunning place where the desert is bathed by a beautiful sea, often described as the aquarium of the planet. If our relationship to it doesn’t change immediately, it will soon be turned into an open-air cemetery, reminiscent of a world that once was, and is no more.

Raffaella Tolicetti is the ship manager on the M/V Sam Simon. The M/V Sam Simon and the M/V Farley Mowat are in the Gulf of California for Operation Milaro III.

 

In America, “we spend more money responding to floods than preventing them.”

In America, “we spend more money responding to floods than preventing them.” Corporate interests bankroll politicians for deregulation which makes everything worse. The Dutch don’t let this happen. We shouldn’t either. We can learn a lot from how the Netherlands prevents floods.

We can learn a lot from how the Netherlands prevents floods.

Posted by ATTN: Video on Sunday, September 17, 2017

300 Global Companies Commit to Science-Based Climate Targets Ahead of Climate Week NYC

TriplePundit    people, planet, profit

300 Global Companies Commit to Science-Based Climate Targets Ahead of Climate Week NYC

by Leon Kaye, Climate & Environment       September 18, 2017

http://cdn.triplepundit.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/A-coal-fired-power-plant-in-Indiana.jpgA coal-fired power plant in Indiana       Image: Don Sniegowski/Flickr

As the annual Climate Week NYC launches today, more companies are announcing their commitment to carbon emissions reduction targets.

And they are doing so through using the guidelines set by the Science Based Targets initiative, which provides a framework that its supporters say can help companies stay competitive while doing their part to mitigate climate change.

The number of companies committed to climate action while incorporating this initiative has roughly doubled from just over a year ago, when 155 companies had pledged to do what they could in order to limit the world’s temperature to less than a 2°C increase this century.

Companies now onboard include Adobe, Merck, Nike, United Technologies and the Spanish telecommunications giant Telefónica. At least 50 of the companies that have announced a science-based emissions reduction plan to date are headquartered in the U.S.

These companies join the likes of Mars Inc., which earlier this month it would invest $1 billion over the next several years on plans such as climate change mitigation and sustainable supply chain programs. The food conglomerate recently had its targets approved by a team of experts from this initiative. The apparel manufacturer and retailer H&M announced a long-term “climate positive” plan this spring and say it is committed to this global program. And both spinoffs of the former HP, Hewlett Packard Enterprise Company and HP Inc., have already set targets aligned with the Science Based Targets Initiative.

A study released earlier this year estimated that almost half of all Fortune 500 companies recognize climate change risks and have developed a plan for climate change mitigation or more aggressive clean energy adoption – just another way the business community is rebuking the current presidential administration. Many companies realize that nationwide climate change goals cannot occur without the private sector’s leadership; and in the U.S., many have continued their sustainable-business-as-usual plans despite the federal government’s decision to withdraw from the Paris Accords.

The Science Based Targets initiative is a partnership between NGOs including CDP, World Resources Institute (WRI), WWF and the United Nations Global Compact. Companies who decide to align with this program have two years to develop a science-based emissions reduction plan, which in turn are evaluated by the team of experts who work with this initiative. The initiative only approves such plans that meet strict criteria, which to date include 71 various targets. Furthermore, companies who decided to set these science-based targets must have a plan that not only reduces emissions within their own operations, but also across their entire value chains. The initiative is one of several programs that is affiliated with the international We Mean Business coalition.

According to the WRI, the companies that have so far aligned themselves with the Science Based Targets initiative comprise an estimated $6.5 trillion in market value – an amount roughly equal to the NASDAQ stock exchange or the combined GDPs of Germany and the United Kingdom. These companies also emit 750 million metric tons of CO2 emissions annually, comparable to 158 million cars driven for one year, says the WRI. The companies are from 35 countries and span a wide range of sectors including apparel, chemicals, consumer packaged goods, finance, hospitality, manufacturing and technology.

Warm waters off West Coast has lingering effects for salmon

ABC News Good Morning America

Warm waters off West Coast has lingering effects for salmon

By phuong le, associated press     September 17, 2017

http://a.abcnews.com/images/Lifestyle/WireAP_2a5585dd2ad44694826d7a266ac003b2_12x5_992.jpgThe Associated Press. In this photo taken Thursday, Sept. 14, 2017, salmon, identified by biologists as a coho, left, and a Chinook, swim past viewing windows at a fish ladder where salt water transitions to fresh at the Ballard Locks in Seattle. The mass of warm water known as ‘the blob’ that heated up the North Pacific Ocean has dissipated, but scientists are still seeing the lingering effects of those unusually warm sea surface temperatures on Northwest salmon and steelhead. (AP Photo/Elaine Thompson)

The mass of warm water known as “the blob” that heated up the North Pacific Ocean has dissipated, but scientists are still seeing the lingering effects of those unusually warm sea surface temperatures on Pacific Northwest salmon and steelhead.

Federal research surveys this summer caught among the lowest numbers of juvenile coho and Chinook salmon in 20 years, suggesting that many fish did not survive their first months at sea. Scientists warn that salmon fisheries may face hard times in the next few years.

Fisheries managers also worry about below average runs of steelhead returning to the Columbia River now. Returns of adult steelhead that went to sea as juveniles a year ago so far rank among the lowest in 50 years.

Scientists believe poor ocean conditions are likely to blame: Cold-water salmon and steelhead are confronting an ocean ecosystem that has been shaken up in recent years.

“The blob’s fairly well dissipated and gone. But all these indirect effects that it facilitated are still there,” Brian Burke, a research fisheries biologist with the Northwest Fisheries Science Center.

Marine creatures found farther south and in warmer waters have turned up in abundance along the coasts of Washington and Oregon, some for the first time.

“That’s going to have a really big impact on the dynamics in the ecosystem,” Burke said. “They’re all these new players that are normally not part of the system.”

Researchers with NOAA Fisheries and Oregon State University Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies have been surveying off the Pacific Northwest for 20 years to study juvenile salmon survival.

In June, they caught record numbers of warm-water fish such as Pacific pompano and jack mackerel, a potential salmon predator. But the catch of juvenile coho and Chinook salmon during the June survey — which has been tied to adult returns — was among the three lowest in 20 years.

Burke and other scientists warned in a memo to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration fisheries administrators last month that poor ocean conditions may mean poor salmon returns to the Columbia River system over the next few years.

“There was hardly any salmon out there,” Burke said. “Something is eating them and we don’t know what and we don’t know precisely where,” he added.

Seabirds such as common murres could be the culprits. Researchers caught fewer forage fish, such as herring, anchovy and smelt.

When forage fish are low, avian predators may be forced to eat more juvenile salmon. Seabirds near the mouth of the Columbia River may have feasted on more juvenile salmon as they entered the ocean.

The North Pacific Ocean had been unusually warm since the fall of 2013 with “the blob,” but sea surface temperatures have recently cooled to average or slightly warmer than average conditions. Changes in the marine ecosystem are likely to be seen for a while.

The research surveys also pulled up weird new creatures that had not been netted before. Researchers have caught tens of thousands of tube-shaped, jelly-like pyrosomes, which are generally found in tropical waters. Their impact on the marine food web isn’t yet clear.

Fisheries managers are also seeing lower runs of steelhead to the Columbia River system this year.

Joe DuPont, a regional fisheries manager with Idaho Fish and Game, blames poor feeding conditions when juvenile steelhead went out to the Pacific Ocean last year.

Warm waters brought less nutrient-rich copepods, tiny crustaceans at the base of the food chain. Meanwhile, northern copepods richer in lipids, that young steelhead eat, were less abundant.

It’s the second year of consecutive low steelhead runs, said Tucker Jones, ocean salmon and Columbia river program manager with the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife.

“There’s a lot of circumstantial evidence to point to an unhappy river experience and meeting ocean conditions that were far from hospitable,” Jones said. “The ‘blob’ especially changed the zooplankton food web structure that was out there,” he added.

Fisheries managers have put some fishing restrictions in place due to low forecast of steelhead expected back this season.

While the mechanisms for steelhead and salmon may be different, “large scale changes to the ocean are driving all of it,” said Burke.

Hurricane Harvey Flooding: EPA to Close Houston Lab Amidst Vital Recovery Work

Newsweek

Hurricane Harvey Flooding: EPA to Close Houston Lab Amidst Vital Recovery Work

By Janissa Delzo      September 16, 2017

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Hurricane Harvey—a Category 4 storm—made history as it pummeled Texas leaving behind extensive damage and more than 40 inches of rain. The catastrophic floodwaters are potentially carrying many harms, including bacteria, human waste, and deadly chemicals. To understand exactly what may be lingering in the water, employees at the Environmental Protection Agency’s Region 6 Lab in Houston are conducting water tests. But now that lab, which is expected to play a key role in the extensive recovery efforts, may be closing, the Houston Chronicle reports.

When the lease ends in 2020, the 41,000 square foot space that employs about 50 people is expected to shut down and it’s unknown what will happen next, officials of the American Federation of Government Employees (AFGE) told the Houston Chronicle.

Environmentalist and labor union groups protested at a news conference on Wednesday in Washington, D.C. about the Trump administration’s pending decision to cut EPA funding by millions of dollars. The groups cited the important work that the chemists, biologists, and other lab employees are doing regarding Hurricane Harvey. Additionally, they stated that if the Houston lab closed, testing water and soil will be much more complicated, considering the next closest EPA regional lab is located in Oklahoma, 400 miles from Houston. In addition to the Houston-area, the lab also covers other parts of Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Arkansas and Louisiana.

https://pbs.twimg.com/card_img/908382394662580224/iFu5jmS8?format=jpg&name=600x314

Houston EPA lab set to close. Some say the lab’s closure is among harmful impacts of the Trump administration’s drive to slice staff and mission in the agency.   houstonchronicle.com

At the news conference, John O’Grady, who works with AFGE representing EPA employees, voiced his concerns about the potential closing.

“We have a laboratory in Houston that is state of the art and is situated directly in an industrial petrochemical complex. And that laboratory is slated for closure. Why? How much money are we going to save with that?” he questioned.

In April the employees were told the building’s lease would not be renewed, Clovis Steib, the president of the American Federation of Government Employees local 1003, told CNN. Employees are still left in the dark about future plans, leaving many worried if they will have a job come 2020.

As the end of the lease gets closer in sight, “the folks in the Houston lab are in limbo; they’re waiting for the shoe to drop. It’s like being on death row,” Steib said.

The scientists at the lab play an important role in ensuring the safety of the millions of people displaced by Harvey, he explained.

“They will be a part of determining when it is safe for storm victims to return to the area, especially neighborhoods near toxic chemical plants and contaminated Superfund sites,” Steib said.

Water testing, organized by The New York Times, found concerning results of what’s lingering in it, including one area in Houston with fecal contamination that’s at a level more than four times considered safe. In the living room of one family’s home, the tests revealed the standing water had E.coli levels 135 times above a safe level. In the kitchen, there was also high levels of lead and arsenic, The Times reported.

Big Oil will have to pay up, like Big Tobacco

CNN

Sachs: Big Oil will have to pay up, like Big Tobacco

By Jeffrey Sachs          September 15, 2017

Story highlights

  • Jeffrey Sachs: Fossil fuel companies will soon face financial reckoning as courts hold them liable for damages caused by climate change
  • Big Tobacco is implicated in causation of health problems — Big Oil will also be a target for civil damages and compensation

Jeffrey Sachs is a professor and director of the Center for Sustainable Development at Columbia University. The opinions expressed in this commentary are his.

(CNN)Here is a message to investors in the oil industry, whether pension and insurance funds, university endowments, hedge funds or other asset managers: Your investments are going to sour. The growing devastation caused by climate change, as seen this month in Texas, Florida and the Caribbean, are going to blow a hole in your fossil-fuel portfolio.

http://i2.cdn.cnn.com/cnnnext/dam/assets/170707103741-jeffrey-sachs-headshot-medium-plus-169.jpg

Jeffrey Sachs

Not only will the companies you own suffer as society begins to abandon fossil fuels in earnest, they will also be dragged through the courts here and abroad for their long-standing malfeasance and denial of what they have done to the world.

Climate change deniers, mainly politicians in the pay of the oil industry, protest that there is no proof that destructive storms and floods are the result of human-induced global warming. Who can say that a Hurricane Harvey or Irma wouldn’t have occurred in the past?

Such a defense — the cynical shrug — will not play for much longer, either in the court of public opinion or in courts of law in the United States and abroad. The risks of climate-related disasters are real and rising, and soon it won’t matter politically or legally that any particular event might have occurred even without human-induced global warming.

The issue is of probability, not certainty. Of course, there have been weather-related disasters in the past. But global warming makes us more vulnerable to these events. Scientists emphasize that hurricane damage, for example, may rise for three reasons: higher sea levels (due to warming) cause larger storm surges; warmer oceans add energy to hurricanes; and warmer air holds more water vapor that can cause torrential downpours.

http://i2.cdn.cnn.com/cnnnext/dam/assets/170811094433-01-donald-trump-0810-medium-plus-169.jpg

Trump is not changing view on climate change.

Insurance companies know that climate risks are rising, scientists know it, and an increasing number of investors know it. And more of the general public knows it, too.

In climate science, the link between specific events like Harvey and Irma and the general rise in risk due to global warming is called “attribution.” It’s a problem we grapple with in many contexts. When a miner gets lung disease, a homeowner with asbestos insulation develops a rare cancer, or a smoker succumbs to lung cancer, we can never be sure that the particular case was linked to coal dust, asbestos or cigarettes.

But the courts have been ready to read the probabilities, and hold companies liable for damages when the likelihood of causation is high enough.

The courts have also linked liability with the standard of care exercised by the defendant. When a company understands the risks but ignores them, or even worse, lies about them, the court or jury is far more likely to agree to a large claim.

The tobacco companies relentlessly misled the public about their products. Some oil companies have done the same about climate change. ExxonMobil, for example, knew internally for decades that its products contribute to global warming, according to a peer-reviewed Harvard University study published last month, but publicly downplayed the linkages and the resulting risks (Exxon denies this).

The Koch brothers, owners of refineries and oil pipelines, have manufactured doubts about climate science and spent vast sums to oppose decarbonization policies and to elect politicians to do the same.

http://i2.cdn.cnn.com/cnnnext/dam/assets/170910194316-01-pope-francis-colombia-0910-medium-plus-169.jpg

Pope Francis slams climate change deniers.

But the science of climate attribution is rapidly becoming more sophisticated, leaving the oil industry more exposed than ever.

Consider, for example, the World Weather Attribution (WWA) project. This is an effort by a consortium of scientific institutions, including the University of Oxford Environmental Change Institute, the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, the University of Melbourne and the Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre.

This project has recently shown, that human-induced climate change dramatically raised the likelihood of the record-breaking heat wave in western Europe this summer. The team found that climate change “made the intensity and frequency of such extreme heat at least twice as likely in Belgium, at least four times as likely in France, Switzerland, the Netherlands, and central England and at least 10 times as likely in Portugal and Spain.”

The project is now analyzing whether human-induced global warming raised the likelihood of the rainfall brought by Harvey.

American politics has long been manipulated by Big Oil, with massive campaign financing as well as backroom lobbying not seen by the public. The federal government and oil states like Texas have been as derelict as the companies, and could well find themselves also as defendants in cases brought by Americans and others who are hit by climate disaster.

Many Caribbean islands were devastated by Irma, and their leaders are appealing for aid. Soon, the cries around the world will change to a call for “compensation” or “civil damages” instead of just aid.

When climate justice comes — and it will — those who have been in denial will pay a heavy price. And those who have invested in companies that behaved recklessly and irresponsibly will share the heavy losses on that day of reckoning.