Insider Monkey
Want to Live Longer? Get Out Of These 30 Most Polluted Cities in the US
In this article we take a look at the 30 most polluted cities in the United States. Click to skip ahead and jump to the 10 most polluted cities in the U.S.
When comparing cities or regions on their pollution levels, there are several things that need to be considered. First off, cities can be considered polluted from several different angles and aspects. While water bodies surrounding urban cities can get polluted due to discharges or waste disposal, the major factor that affects the daily life of citizens is air pollution. The denser the population of the cities, the higher the level of air pollution tends to rise due to the large amounts of emissions constantly being released into the air, making it unbreathable and detrimental to health and life expectancy.
The absolute pollution figures might point at the US being one of the top polluters in the world, with over 5,145.2 million tons of carbon emissions according to the 2019 BP Statistical Review of World Energy. However, if we look at the air quality of the cities it might seem cleaner than most cities in other parts of the world. This is so because when we compare the livability of cities, it is largely also dependent on the density of population and also the concentration levels of pollutants. While most cities in the US might be emitting greater amounts of air pollutants, owing to the heavy industrialized economy, the concentration levels might be lower compared to its counterparts owing to the large area that the country is spread across.
Air quality also, does not just include CO2 emissions, but largely consists of particulate matter, which is what majorly causes health implications like respiratory diseases, or weakened heart or lung functioning due to prolonged exposure. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) specified AQI (Air Quality Index) is the best yardstick to measure the level of pollution in the air of a certain region. The major pollutants that are considered in the AQI are Ground level ozone, Carbon monoxide, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide and airborne particles. The higher the AQI figures the greater is the air pollution while anything over 200 AQI is considered to be unhealthy air as stated by EPA.
Air pollution is largely attributable to particulate matter which includes a mix of dust, soot, smoke and liquid particles or aerosols. It is a major determinant of air quality and a major irritant present in the air. Fine particulate matter is what causes major health hazards to citizens , while reducing visibility when in high concentration in the air. According to WHO, prolonged exposure to PM2.5 can increase long-term risk of cardiopulmonary mortality by 6–13% per 10 µg/m3 of PM2.5 (8–10).
The Improving Knowledge and Communication for Decision-making on Air Pollution and Health (Aphekom) in Europe was conducted to understand the implications on average life expectancy if PM 2.5 in polluted cities could be brought down as per WHO recommendations. Among the 25 participating European countries, it was observed that they averaged at 10µg/m3 and residents could live 20 months longer on an average if PM 2.5 levels were perfect. Los Angeles has a PM 2.5 level of 11. Los Angeles residents could live an average of approximately 1 month longer, if their PM 2.5 is reduced to 10 and also could live nearly a year longer if the air quality were perfect.
Given this, a measure of Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) present in the air is a good focus to determine the level of pollution in a certain region.
As EPA produces a comprehensive track record of different air pollutants that affect individual cities, we have based our rankings on this Air Quality Trends Data and have ranked cities according to the level of PM 2.5 level measured in Wtd AM (µg/m3) for each of these cities.
Other coarse particles or PM10 can also be a cause of irritations and health complications and are majorly released from activities on construction sites, or mining. We have therefore reported PM10 for each of the cities that appear on our rankings as well.
Kekyalyaynen / Shutterstock.com
Population can be a major contributor too, and cities with greater population can often be greater emitters. We can therefore see some of the cities in our rankings also featuring in the 50 Most Populated Cities in the US.
Air pollution has been a major cause of concern for most big cities with unexpected increases in fine dust situations and smog in the recent past. And, even though 2020 has seen a sudden drop in air pollution levels owing to the pandemic, it might be just a temporary respite and chances are that the levels might shoot right up as soon as economic activities get ready to bounce back in action.
Pollutants in the air can also be a major contributor to climate change. But also, in the recent California wildfires we have witnessed how climate change and environmental factors can in fact lead to sudden increase in air pollution levels as well. It can be easily inferred that air pollution and climate change are quite closely related.
With the talks increasing around Climate Change and the clocks ticking for major nations to get to net zero emissions , let’s take a look at the problem areas and pinpoint the focus on the cities that need attention for their less than favorable air quality conditions.
30. Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO
PM 2.5 – 10
PM 10 – 111
While Denver average yearly AQI is at 34 and meets “healthy” air standards, it fails to meet the thresholds for PM2.5. Particularly in winter months, the city experiences pollution swings that makes it one of the most polluted cities in the US.
Pixabay/Public Domain
29. Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR
PM 2.5 – 10.3
PM 10 – 38
Little Rock area has a moderate level of air pollution with major pollutants being PM2.5 at 10.3 and Ozone that averages at 68 µg/m³.
28.Birmingham-Hoover, AL
PM 2.5 – 10.4
PM 10 – 106
The city has often experienced high levels of Ozone pollution and has therefore had unhealthy air conditions. The PM.25 and PM 10 level have been over threshold as well.
Pixabay / Public Domain
27. St. Louis, MO-IL
PM 2.5 – 10.5
PM 10 – 99
St. Louis’ pollution levels are slightly higher than the limits specified by WHO and therefore poses risks in the long-term. PM 2.5 and PM 10 are the main pollutants.
www.schmanke.com
26. Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN
PM 2.5 – 10.5
PM 10 – 40
While Jefferson County had been one of 50 counties across the country that failed to meet federal health standards for fine particle pollution from 2011 to 2013, EPA has recently noted a significant improvement in air quality in the area. The area now meets the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for sulfur dioxide set to protect public health.
25. Klamath Falls, OR
PM 2.5 – 10.5
PM 10 – 58
Klamath Falls has had a prolonged problem with particulate pollution owing to its topography. Air quality can be largely affected during fire season and impacted greatly by fire smoke.
24. Modesto, CA
PM 2.5 – 10.6
PM 10 – 104
The pollution levels in Modesto are often concerning and touch the “unhealthy” level. While PM 2.5 hovers around 10.6 , it can reach a 114 µg/m³ especially towards the end of the year.
jejim / Shutterstock.com
23. Shreveport-Bossier City, LA
PM 2.5 – 10.7
PM 10 – 44
While particle pollution is still a concern in the area, Shreveport fares nicely in the ozone pollution category and also experiences clean air and a favorable AQI.
22. McAllen-Mission, TX
PM 2.5 – 10.7
PM 10 – 50
While pollutants level remain low to moderate throughout the year in the area, the PM2.5 level still poses a concern at 10.7 and hence finds a rank among the most polluted cities in the US.
Pixabay/Public Domain
21. Laredo, TX
PM 2.5 – 10.7
PM 10 – 48
Laredo, TX experience average to low AQI conditions across the year. Ozone andPM 2.5 comprise of the main pollutants.
20.Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX
PM 2.5 – 10.7
PM 10 – 63
Even though Houston’s pollution conditions have been on the improving trends, there is still way to go to attain EPA’s standards. Despite a population rise in the recent past, the area has majorly been able to tackle its pollution levels.
19. El Centro, CA
PM 2.5 – 10.7
PM 10 – 162
The area experiences high ozone days and high levels of particle pollution with AQI often dipping below favorable.
David Brimm/Shutterstock.com
18.Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC
PM 2.5 – 10.7
PM 10 – 25
While the area ranks higher in 24 hour particle pollution, initiatives have been working in its favor. Augusta has also had no high ozone days in the recent past.
Sean Pavone/Shutterstock.com
17. Cleveland-Elyria, OH
PM 2.5 – 10.8
PM 10 – 79
Cleveland ranks highly on the pollution levels, and soot and smoke particles in the air are a major cause of concern.
Henryk Sadura/Shutterstock.com
16. Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI
PM 2.5 – 10.8
PM 10 – 73
The region has reported over 100 days of moderate pollution levels and poor air quality in 2018. Higher levels of ground level ozone and particle pollution has been concerning.
Pixabay/Public Domain
15.Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA
PM 2.5 – 10.8
PM 10 – 40
The region experiences favorable days, however, the pollution levels remain moderately high on an average through the year.
Pixabay/Public Domain
14. Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ
PM 2.5 – 10.9
PM 10 – 990
Air quality is often poor in the region, with high levels of pollutants. The PM10 levels are high and the region experienced 110 days of poor air quality in 2016.
Anton Foltin/Shutterstock.com
13. New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA
PM 2.5 – 11
PM 10 – 34
The overall area has experienced over 96 days of poor air quality in 2016, however, recent trends have shown significant decrease in pollutants in New York during the COVID 19 pandemic.
Pixabay/Public Domain
12. Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA
PM 2.5 – 11
PM 10 – 159
Los Angeles has average pollution levels , while maximum pollution levels over a year are greater than the maximum limit specified by WHO. Smog is a major issue that the region faces.
11. Fresno, CA
PM 2.5 – 11.2
PM 10 – 234
Air Quality touches very low levels in Fresno, and respiratory issues like asthma is common in the region.
Click to continue reading and see the 10 most polluted cities in America. Disclosure: 30 Most Polluted Cities in the US is originally published at Insider Monkey.